Presented by C.Sahliema

Biehmiapa:  Yangon liata a ypa Mara sawzy eima taotypa Seminar he tao pakhua awhpa nata keima tawta paper present na hneithei awhpata  khokheina nâ hneitupa Yangon Mara Achakheina Py hnota nata he liata a vaw chhi theipa nopaw, unaw, sietanô, viasa richazy nata chakao lapa nama zydua hnota hmiatua ta ei lyna bie ei palasa.

1. Mara châ history

1.1 Mara : Mara tahpa cha Mara mo ta amo nata amo ta ama awhna mo cha ta, a yzie cha:- thokha ta Ramaw ra liata eima ypa vata Mara ama ta; thokhazy ta Thatla pai Maurau tla tawta a za siepa eima chapa vata Maurau tawta Mara ama ta, ta ei ta thokha heita Miram, maniapa ra tana na a cha ama ta. Mara Phopi Py ta Si panyuna, Ra panyuna tanapa na a cha ta hra ei ta thokha ta Literally ta Mara tana cha Ko vie phana ra, Ma hneipa ra tana na a cha ama ta hra.

1.2 Châ : Moso penaw ta Chipho sakha  chana ama thlie tyna heta  ama mo typa cha Culture nata Literature he a cha ty.  Mara mo chhao he chipho sakha eima chana a chaluatupa cha eima châ he a cha. N.E Parry ropa “The Lakhers” tahpa chabu liata Mara châ cha 1852 liata Capt. Tickell ta a tao hawh  ta ta atano tai heta cha maw sala ko 154 a pha haw. Chavata, Chin State liata, châ a hnei tuapa panona chapi ta eima hla bu, Biehrai bu zy heta chipho eima chana cha chalua ta a theipaw sakha cha Mara Phopi Py he a vaw cha. Kaokha lâta eima rei khiala, Mara mo cha, châ eima hneina vata Mara Phopi Py he eima vaw padua thei hra tana a cha.

1.3 Karama : Mara Karama (Grammar) buzy he Notla Mara tawta Pupa A.Zakia nata Nochhi tawta

Pupa C. Laiki zy ta mia taopa ei ta Marasawzy eima va a hnei kawh.

1.4 “h” baina thati : Mara mo nata eima chheipa liata a pahrapa chipho a chapa Maw, Hiakha mozy,  eima rei a nano chaina cha eima ao papuana liata a cha. Mara rei ao liata “do, re,mi ” tahpa ta ao satho puana y ta, Maw nata Hiakha rei liata “do” nata “mi” tahpata ao puana sano dei a y. “re” ao hnei va ei. Mawmo ta ama ao â hnaipa “do” liata “h” bai eita Hiakha mo ta ama ao â sapa liata “h” ama bai. "re” ao a hneipa Maramo ta Mawnaw hawta ao a hnaipa liata “h” eima baipa he pachapakhua awhpa a byu hmeisei ba na. He va heta Nochhi Mara tawta Pupa C.Laiki nata notla Mara tawta Pupa A.Zakia he Mara châ nata a zaopata ama pachana a nano chaina a cha. Chavata, Nochhi lâ taw chhao notla lâ taw chhao hmiachhy ta a tyupata reipahmaona (discussion) tao â byu ha ba.

2. Châ cho liata Eima palophaozie 

2.1 Ryu : Chipho sakha eima chana he châ tahpa literature ta    a padua tahpa  cha a chô liata palasa haw nata anodeikuala châ eima hnei na tahpata thlalô kawhpata ryusô lô hawta thoky chhô liata so chakhy thai awhpa rai cha vei. Chha nata â hmiepata papo via, baichha via, athiepa tao via awhpa nata su to liata pakaw via lyma awhpa â byu. Atano eima ra lia he Mara châ lâchha ta pahâ kaw ta a pha via, a kaw via n’awpata research taotheina taita a pachatheipa eima chy hmeisei na. Thyutlia a hlu via cha, cha ronada, karama, pahlapahnia hmata thai ma pi. Ao papua chhao â dopa ta thai a chhua ma pi. Keimo nata eima ryna hawta eima papua ty.

2.1 Châreina : Ngephesizo khi liata 2005 Khrisma a cha chyta za khidei Biehrai reina  tao ei ta Mara Biehrai ta ama rei. Achatarawpata, na ao papuapa a do vei, he hawna heta na a cha, na haw tu na, na reinada a khona khai vei tahpazy vata palôtlaleina yta za kha hma reileipa ta Hiakha Biehrai la ama paly haw. Palôtlakawhpa nata thaphakawhpata ama pachha thei. He lia heta eima rei, eima châ a y thla tarawpata mania rei, mania châ eima thai via or eima pasasa viapa he pacha a byu hmeisei. Mara châ liata Hata ei kha chhô liata nozy (Hriatua, Hriahei etc.) reina, Kôkha chhô liata thlapanozy ( Naw, Hmypi, Pamie, etc.) reina nata rei sakha liata a byupa zydua he Mara châ liata a tlo khai hra. Mara châ liata Afabe (24) a y, Aohnei (vowels) sa (7or 8) y ta, aolei (consonants) (17) a y, aohnei pakaopa (combined vowels) (6 or 7) a y tahpa hma pahnoleipa ta atano Mara, Mara eima tahpa he yzie a hnei na ta va tly ma? Mara châ  ananochaina cha biehawraw mai ta aohneipa (vowel) or (Semi-vowel; w,y) ta a chha lymapa he a cha. Chavata, Mara châ liata pahâ via a byu ha ba na.

3. Atano he haw ma vei

3.1 Ti nata tla yzie : Marapa cha 1948, Jan 4 tawta nochhi nata notla tahpata sano ta pachhaipa eima cha hlei kho tawta nochhi Mara cha Paletwah bia, Matupi bia nata Thatla bia tahpata pachhai pachhuapa eima cha. He lia heta nochhi Mara tawta Mara châ thapi ta a za khasialaipa nata a deichhy laipa cha zyna lâ taw vaw cha ei ta, chataw na cha ta siku hawti nata thyutlia nawzy chhaota ama vaw pazi lai lyma hra.  Sawkha phaviapa liata a ypa notla Mara tawna heta Mawnaw ha alapata “do” ao liata ‘h’ baipa cha vaw pathao ei ta nochhi Mara mo chhao heta Pachapazina (research taona) y tu leipata amo hawta Mara châ cha reipa nata ropa  a vaw cha lyma hra. Mara châ ky liata mia a siekhei (leading) ngapa notla Mara khi laichaipa Siaha khi nata Tipa lia cha atano abyupa hla ta Maw châ nata Maw rei ta akhu (influence) via ha ba. Mara rei hlata Maw rei a hlu via. Mara châ hlata Maw châ ta ama ro via. Avy awhpa kô 50 lia khita Mara cha he 35% ta ama hma khao va tly ma? Tahpa taita pacha a byu haw ba. Maw rei nata châ ta a chadei (assimilate) hmeisei ba. Notla Mara khi mozy chhao he Maw châ ta atano tai awhpa nata ropa a cha chy. Chahrasal,  nochhi Mara cha tala, a vy awhpa kô 50 tai liata sawkha hma phalei ta y chhy hrasala thapita mia a chadei  (assimilate) awhpa rei eima chheipa liata y vei. Chavata Mara châ he nochhi Mara tawta khasia thei via nawpata chance eima hnei via syulyu. Atano taw heta pathaopata achu eisila haw ma vei.

3.2 Mo : Mo thati nata azaopata 1997 ko, MSA Centre Magway liata a cha nota G/S Paw Sehlo cha Yangon la za tlô ta Tla Awna Chabu chhu awhpata mia a za chho. Paper mia a piepa âkileina vata Sawbuagyigone Bus Station la khypita Magway bus gate mai liata eima thlua. Sehlo tahpa mo cha gate sakha liata Mara aophao ta â ropa vata eima hmo chala. Mara mo liahe Hiakha rei ta ropa mo nata Bama rei ta ropa mo a hlu kawh. A hlu via cha siku eima kia tua nota eima pachutupenaw he Hiakha la naw ama chana vata nata Hiakha châ ama chutyna vata Hiakha mo he siku liata ropa(bopa) châ ta atano tai a thlai thai khao vei.(e.g. Sahliema vyupata Sang Hlei Mang; Taisa vyupata Taing San) Thokha cha ama nopawzy pheisai paisaipa (retired) ama chana vata nata Bama rei pasasana vata Mara mo phakawpa a y tarawpata ( Soe khai, Than Naing, 

Maung Thein) tahpata mozy eima bo ty. Ngiachhie a chhi kawhpa cha he hawpenaw ama hlu via ngapa he a cha. Laikaw tahpa mo cha Mara mo a dotlaipa châ ta U.S, Japan nata aleicho khataisuliaraita he mo he eima hmopa nata Mara tahpata thlai pahno theipa a cha. Keima bao hmata eima mo thlaithai cha khaoleipita eima sawnaw, nawtanaw hnota Mara mo a bie(sa) ba awhpata atano tawta thapatlô lyma ba su vei.

3.2 Chiphohropa  pasasana : Pupa Bietha (Thauvopaw) ta rei ta, “Mara sawpi cha Mararei ta a naikawhpata  rai eima tua khiala kho mala vei ei a ta. Hiakha rei ta eima tua khia la ama rah chala ee a ta. Bama(via) rei ta “Hey Kaung” tahpata eima tua khiala ama chapiapa haw ee” a ta. Âdokawna ei tahrapacha Mara sawzy sahmâ eima pari nata Mararei ta mia a dai thai khao vei. Bama rei, a chaleikhiatala Hiakha rei, eima thailei khia Lawtu, Rakhine rei chheipita eima thai khaoheilei khiatala Azao,Matu rei chha eima chheity. Mara khi sakha lia cha “my la lyu la na sie khia cha hmiakhu eikha chho na vaw phaopa ma y” tahpa he ‘my la taung za na tua khia la Chinbawng takha cheih na vaw phaopa ma y’ ama tana tahpa ta ei na chho ba ei. Adopa a chakhiala,  ngiachhie a chhie hmeisei awh. Chihrophohro pasasana he atano taw heta pachhô ba su vei.

3.4 Châbu papua hlu via awhpa a byu : Mara saw zydua ta châ rei hlu via thei nawpata hawti macha thyuthliazy rei khopa chabu  a phopho ta a pua awhpa a byu. Zyna lâta châ hlupi a puapa hawh na  heta Phopa châbu, Novel châbu, Article collection châbu, Bieso bu nata a hropa châbuzy  hlupi a pua thei a byu hra. Apeikawpa sakha cha MSA tawta ama papua typa Mara Deiva chhao he kô chareita hmia a pachâpata nata kudaopata  chhupa châ ty ta khophie hmata a mâ hmo thei ty vei ei. Asaipata a la awhpa nata palypaphia awhpa dei he eima chhua ty. Eima chaleipa chhaota rei leipata chahnamipazyna ta eima hma ty. Mara saw ta eima châ chô liata eima paluruphao he  hlupi âparai via â byu.

4. Pachhana (Conclusion)

Chavata rai laingaitahpa sakha eima hneipa cha eima ra, chipho hma a sie via awhpa, a kiathy via awhpa he châ ta, thokha ta eima ra siesaipata ra pha viana la y awhpa hena a cha tahpata ama rei ty. Thokha ta eima liahritlana lia tla hena ama ta hra. Khatai lia eima ypa chhaota  khapa eima taopa chhaota eima rei pabosa awhpa nata eima châ eima thai awhpa he Mara saw ta eima pikheipa ryu, Manomapaw ryu a cha. Phopa (history) liata Marapa chipho za y ba ta, châ chhao ama za hnei ba ama ta lei nawpata Mara rei nata châ he thai chyu ei su vei tahpa pasyuna nata ahawna ta ei paper ei pachhasa.

Rei pahmao awhpazy

1) Mara tahpa yzie(meaning) he asia ngasapata a y a byu na tama? Mara châ liata kheitama eima paha  thei  via awh?

2) Mara châ ta châbu a pua hlu via nawpata khapa ma eima tao awh?

3) Mara ra siesaipata suhro la y awhpa he a pha na ta ma?

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