MARAPA HMAHSIENA
By Thomas K. Sabie (M.A., Geo)

Biehmiachhihpa
‘Marapa Hmahsiena’ tahpa châpaw roh awpata raopa ei châ nota ngiaroh ei tah kaw. A chhâpa cha: Marapa hmahsiena châta taohriana kyh nata reichhona kyh liata tloh lei ngaitapa ei châzie ei pahnopa vâta a châ. He liata ei vaw palâsapa chhao he Marapa hmahsiena kyh hmeihseihpa hlâta ‘hmahsiena alyupa’ zychhâ a châ khiah la, tahpa pachâna ta ei rohpa tlao a châ.

He liata ‘Mara’ (r&m) tahpa he eima chipho moh tlâ châ ta, a ao eima papua tita deikua cha ‘Marâh’ tah awpa a châ. Marapa moh apahno hmeihseihpa leipazy hawhta ‘Mâh-râh’ (rm&m) tah chakhy thlâhha hra awpa châ vei. He liata ei reikhohpa cha ‘Aobôna’ (Consonant) sâkha nata ‘a’ eima pahlyna maihta ‘â’ ao he pua khai cheingei vei, tahpa hi (e.g. Matupi (rwlyD); Kachin (ucsif); Kayah (u,m;); Kayin (u&if); data (deita). Mara tahpa pho moh liata ‘pa’ tahpa ‘biepahlyna biekai’ (yk'fajymif;ypönf;) eima bai tita ‘Mara chyhsa (or) Mara sawzy’ tahpa yzie a pahneisa. He liata Marapa tahpa chhao he Mara saw zydua cha chyhsa manôh pôhkha tlu hawhta sypakhypata pachâna chôta rohpa a châ.

Hmahsiena tahpa cha ‘kiathyna, chhichhaona, âsohsâhna nata duahmo asâh viana’ tah theipa a châ. He liata Marapa hmahsiena tahpa ta a rei khohpa cha – Nochhi Mara (Myanmar Mara) sawzy hmahsiena kyh he a châ via chai aw. Eima duahmo, yzie nata eima hmahsiena chhao alyu thei kaw khao leipa Notla Mara sawzy hmahsiena kyh he pachâ pâ awpa a byuh thlyu aw. Amo hmahsiena chhao he Marapa hmahsiena châ hra tlôh ta!
Pachâna thokhazy

Pupa Hiphei, MP (Rajya Sabha) Yangon a vaw tlyh nota, “Myanmar Mara Sawzy miah nama tai haw na, Yangon khihpi liata Marapa saw odyh hluhpi nama y thei hawpa he, India râh khihpi chaipa New Delhi liata cha Marapa saw keimo dyh kha deita eima y,” a tah. Yangon liata y theina deita heta ‘eima hmah a sie’ eima tah thei hlei aw ma? Siaha khihpi liata chhao khihpi hro ta hroh thei tlôh ei ta.

Pupa C. Laima (Commissioner) a vaw tlyh nota, “Yangon khihpi liata Marapa saw odyh hluhpi nama y theipa he noâh rai tah leipa na ta, khizaw kaoki liata eima sie via laih lyma awpa a châ. Anodeikua Marapa sawzy eima yna su to liata cha Khazohpa reithaina a y lyma aw, tahpa he tlâ a châ,” a tah hra.

Rev. NC Vabeilua (ECM, Mission Secretary) a vaw tlyh nota, “Marapa sawzy Krista chakaona kyh liata apôhkha ngaitana chôta eima rietheina papeisa leiapta mohropa (Krista a vaw pahno mâh leipazy) châta eima hro eima pie via lyma awpa a byuhzie reih ta, “Marapa sawzy Khazohpa tovyuh (Suhrawh sukha) piena kyh nata lôhthai sôh piena kyh liata eima diathla tlai khiahta cha eima Khazohpa he hmotaothei leipa hawhta pachâsa pathlei aw pi ta, byhnâ chhao to thei khao aw ma pi. Marapa hmahsiena hnawh cha Khazohpa a châ,” a tah hra.

A do tlai na! Atanoh Yangon khihpi liata Marapa saw odyh zakha hlei y ha bâ pi ta, Marapa sawzy hmâpata MEC Local Church, Myanmar Christian Mission nata Myanmar Christian Seminary (MCS), People Evangelical Church nata Church Planting Training School (CPTS), The Word College nata Lorrain Theological College (LTC) zy chhao a duah haw.

Marapa saw Bible College liata achu haipazy hluhnazie cha – LTC, ACTS Bible College (COTR), MCS, The Word College, CPTS nata Evangelical Bible College zy tawhta Mara reih ta Hlapy (Choir) puakhei theipa châ ta, ama zydua ta 100 hlei ama pha haw. Khizaw achuna (Secular) lâ eima sai heih tita – Yangon khihpi chhôh liata Universities, Institutes nata Colleges zy liata achu haipa sai ta maluh 70 ama pha haw hra. Biblei College liata a kiah haipa moh thokha cha University of Distance Education liata achu haipazy ama châ.

Cha dei châ leipa ta Malaysia, Singapore, India, Korea, Japan, USA, Canada, Philipines, Australia, Germazy, Cyprus, Armenia, etc. zy liata rai ahria haipa nata achu haipa hluhpi ama y hra.

MSO Motto cha ‘Mara Râh he Eima Râh’ (Maraland is Ours) tahpa châ ta; MSA Motto cha ‘Eima Râh nata Eima Chipho châta’ (For Our Land and Our People) tahpa a châ. MSO ta Mara râh chhôh liata hmahsiena kyh hmiapasah ta, MSA ta Mara râh chhôh dei châ leiapta Mara râh khôtho lâ Mara saw zydua hmahsiena kyh chhao a hriapazi awpa hawhta a lâ.

M Vahnei (Senior Executive Secretary) a chakao noata Mara sawzy ta eima pahlaikhei chaipa Pupa zakhô hnohta, “A u Nozi paw, eima râh hmahsiena châta eima râh liata khâpa tao ei sihla ma, a pha aw tly?” tah ta; Pupa Zakhô ta, “Eima râh he khâpa hmo sôhpa hmâhta a pua leina râh, hriapasapata nie tluana râh a châpa vâta khâpa hmâh taohria awpa thapawh achhih vei. Chavâta Marapa saw zydua Viah râh lâ tlao azu khai ha ei sala a pha via aw,” a tah haw. Chavâta M. Vahnei ta, “Marapa saw zydua Phai râh lâ ama zu khai thei nawpata la siezôn (pnf;½kH;) awpa angâ va na,” a tah thlâhha.

Chata tly, Marapa hmahseina cha khâpa e? Marapa hmahsiena khataih liata a y aw? Marapa hmahsie nawpata khâpa e, eima tao aw? Biehrai ma eima chu aw? Râh hro lâ ma eima sie aw? College ma ei kiah aw? Eima râh chhôh liata ma raihria eima tiama aw? Hmahsiena kyh reipasina kao hluhpoi y thei aw ta, Marapa hmahsiena kyh chhao pachâna nano nanopa hluhpi a y thei hra aw. Marapa châna duahmo nata hmasiena kyh cha keimo Mara sawzy tlai he apahno chaipa eima châ. Eima hmahsiena kyh eima thlie thai via thei nawpata Râhzaw kyh athaipenawh (Geographers) hmôna kao lâ tawhta mopata pachâpazi tua ei suh vy.

Raihria Chhâh (5) zy
Hmiatua ta, hmahsiena châta chyhsazy ta ama hriapa thôbeina raihriazy (Economic Activities) eima moh tua aw.

1. Chhâh khana (Primary Activities)
Hmo hruhrâpa (raw material) pahmaopakhyna- chicheina, sahroh pasana, râh akhiena, nga patuna, thoti, theilâpa nata pawpi zy tluana, alei ry tawhta hmo sôhpazy thaopapuana zy hawhpa he a châ. Râh thokha cha râh hrolâ tawhta hmo hruhrâpazy ama la tyh hra.

2. Chhâh nona (Secondary Activities)
Hmo hruhrâpa tawhta hmo mithawpa (commodities) taopapuana – Pala tawhta chyhsia taona, tho tawhta chhaichhizy taona, nga tawhta nga kyh taona, chhiehrie tawhta chhiti taona, thua tawhta khawzy taona, chavah tawhta elektrik papuana hawhpazy hi. Râh thokha cha hmo pha viapa ama tao thai leipa vâta a hruhrâhpa ta râh hrolâ ama zuah tyh.

3. Chhâh thôhna (Tertiary Activities)
Hmo ataotuhpenawh ta ama tao chiehpa hmo mithawpazy anietuhpazy nata ahmâtuhpazy lâta paphaona- Sôhdaohna, hmozuana hawhpazy nata chyhsazy chakaona rai a châpa sângyuna, thohna mohôhna (Clinic), châchhona (tuition), nothlahpa lana, khichhai mohôhna hawhpa zy he a châ.

4. Chhâh palihna (Quaternary Activities)
He hawhpa hmozy tao thei nawpata pachhuahpanohna (Research), novâhna piena (Information), hriatuhpenawh ama raihriana liata ruaraina (Management) hawhpa sapa riethei leipata rathli riepatheipata amo nata ama office chyu liata hriatuhpazy ‘white collor workers’ he ama châ.

5. Chhâh pangawhna (Quinary Activities)
Chhâh pangawhna chhao he chhâh palihna hry liatapa tla châ hra ta, sawhkhâ tlyma, phu nata py liata tlyma, biepathlu theina nata biechhawh theina ahneipazy (Decision Makers) he ama châ.

He raihria chhah zydua liata heta sievawna (Transportation) nata pazaopakhina (Communication) zy he cha ahlao lymapa ‘ki peimawh chaipazy’ ama châ. Amerikan râh liata apaha hawpa Rev. David Van Bik cha Hiakha khih liata pabupa châ ta; Notla Mara Râh Siaha thohna o liata vâchhiena atyh pathlei hawpazy chhao ama khih lâ motor ta chhihtha theipa a châ. Keimo Nochhi Mara râh liata atlah leipa hluhpi deikua cha thohna o tlô thei vei ei. Thohna o tlô thei nawpata ama chapia laih awpa khih to liata satlia thatlôpa hluhpi byuh tlôh ta.

Atanoh daihti liana heta thâtih patheina (information) chhao he raihira chhâh to châta hmo peimawh ngaitapa a châ hra. 1799 kô Alezandria khihpi liata George Washington thina thâtih cha noh 7 a pha tawhta New York khihpi liata pahno ei ta, noh 24 a pha tawhta Cincinnati khihpi liata a ypazy ta ama pahno thei. 1865 kô Washington D.C. liata Abarahma Lincoln a thi haw, tahpa thâtih deikua cha telegrapha hmâpata daihti rei leipa liata US râh khihpizy lâta pahnosa theipa a châpa hawhta, 1947 liata Aung San a thina thâtih chhao a thi noh tlai ta telegrapha tawhta India beipa Nehru ta a vaw pahno thei haw hra. 1963 kô Dallas khihli liata John Kennedy a thina thâtih deikua cha minutes chyhta chhôh liata US râh zydua charô khai ta, radia nata television hmâpata khizaw zydua pathâsapa a châ thei haw bâ. Atanoh daihti liata ‘khizaw’ he ‘khikha’ tlu hawhta pachâ theina taihta thâtih patheina a nao haw bâ hra. Mara râh liata a chhichâ haipa thatihzy deikua lâsie phapa a y hlâlei cha khihro lâ pahno thei’pa châ mâh vei. Lialaipi tawhta khihpi hropazy lâta Radia Telephone (RT) hmâpata bie eima chho theina nata radia eima nahthlie theina he keimo châta eima hmahsiena a châ hra.
A chô liata palâsapa raizy liata Mara râh liata eima hria hluh chaipa khâpa e? Eima hria tlâ leipa rai a y ma?

Keimo eima hria chaipa rai cha ‘raihria chhâh khana’ he a châ thlyu aw. Eima râh liata eima ku ta raihria pita, eima kyh ta hmophaoh pita, eima ngiatlâh ta tho nata ramawhzy eima pia chyh. Meithei a piapata râh lâ siepa zy, chavah-chahaoh lâ siepa zy, kumâ-pheimâ taona zy he eima pahâsa ngâsâpa châ chy ta, daihti eima pahryupa nata eima hmôpa âphuh thai kaw vei. He eima raihria chaipazy tawhta thokô hluhpi nata râhsa hluhpi leidia ta, râhsa sôh kawpazy ama leidia pathlei awpa ngiachhie â chhih kaw.

Raihria chhâh palina liata chhao he eima hlao pâ thlâhha hrapata pahno theipa a châ. Keimo nata eima phupa chyuta sawhkhâ rai, Awnanopa rai nata phupy hropazy liata eima thaisohnazy hmâpata hria chyu tlôh pi ta.

Hmo hruhrâhpa tawhta hmo mithawpa taona kyh liata dei he eiem athaina nata eiam hneina zy ta a daih leipa vâta eima pahahla chai awpata pangiasa a chhih. Chhiehrieh zuahpata chhiti zy chalei tyh tlôh pi ta. Theilâpa hluhpi chhao daihti vâro châta hmâ thei awpata paso thai mâh ma pi. Pakhona ta – Yangon khihpi liata cha âteih (Ramawh teih) eima hmô thei leina daihti y vei. Chavâta hmo hruhrâpa tawhta hmo mithawpa taona he eima chu awpa a byuh ngâsâ. Eimo râh liata chavahzy tawhta electricity zy papua thei’pa a châ aw.

Raihria chhâh thôhna chhao he eima phahla kaw chypata â lâ. Sôh paliepachhuah nawpata lâthlôh phapa eima hnei leina nata eima râah ta hmo a papua thei leina zy heta sôhpaliepachhuna hmah pasiena thei vei. Chyhsa chakaona rai achâpa keimo sasyh a deichhynazy tawhta athôna tluana cha eima râh ta hmâh mapi, tah theipa a châ. Pakhona ta –Sangyuna mâ zy la leipa pi ta, Mara râh laita khichhai bu hnei ma pi (Luka 10:35) Khichhai deichhy mohôhna rai he thôbeina raihria sâkha hawhta pachâpa châ ta, râh hropazy ta ‘Smokeless Industry’ tah ei ta, ama râh liata khichhaizy tawhta athôna hluhpi hmô ama chhuah. Keimo râh liata deikua cha râh hropa chyhsazy tlyna tlâh cha thei mâh vei. Pawchha, maitô nata hrisua pawzy pawna Mara râh he, râh khohchhihpa châ hra aw vei ma?
Hmahsiena Ngianazy

Charle Wynne Hammond ta Elements of Human Geography châbu liata a palâsapa ‘Hmahsiena Ngianazy’ (Relative Characteristics of Development) tawhta eima râh hmahsiena kyh he saipazie tua heih ei si.
(A) Hneirôhna kyh
-Râh hmahsiepazy liata tâkâ hmôna nao ta, mo pakha tâkâ hneina chhao a hluh. Râh hmahsie leipa liata deikua cha he hawhta châ thei vei.
-Râh hmahsiepa liata ama hneina atlâhkhâh ta, râh hmasie leipa liata ama hneina atlâkhâh thei vei. Pakhona ta- Râh hmahsie mâh leipa Kolombia râh liata râh hneirôhna 40 % cha maluh 2.6% zy ta hnei ei ta, Gabon râh hneina 56% cha maluh 1% zy ta ama to haw. Râh hmahsiepa Amreikan râh liata a hneirôh chaipenawh, râh chhôh maluh 10% ta râh hneirôhna 27% deita ama hnei thei.
He kyh liata cha Mara râh he hmahsiepa hro ta eima hroh thei eima tah aw. Mara râh liata hneirôh kawpa y leipa ei ta, kudaopata aviavipa y hraoh ma pi. Eima byhnâ tona tawhta Khazohpa tovyuh (Suhrawh sukha) he a sipa ta eima thyu khai thei khiah cha eima hneina a tlâkhâzie pahnopasia theipa a châ aw. Anodeikua, chyhsa thokha ta eima byhnâ tona tawhta Khazohpa tovyuh achhaina châh pahno leipa ei ta, mo thokha hra heih cha, amâ chhaih thlâhhapa chhaota chyhsazy ta ama byhnâ tona ama pahnokhei awpa ama khoh leipa vâta ama moh palâsa khoh vei ei. Byhnâ eima tona he apahnokhei chyu ei sihla, alykhei thei chyu awpa a pha.
(AW) Raihriana kyh
- Râh hmahsie kaw mâh leipazy liata cha chô liata palâsa chiehpa ‘Raihria chhâh khana’ liata ahriapa hluh ei ta, chiche-bialona liata ahripa maluh 70% taih ama y thei.
-Ama alei su chyhpata liata ama ku ta hriapasa kaw ei ta, a theilâpa deikua cha ama nie awpa deita ama papua thei. Lyu pakawh thei leina he hmahsie thei leina sâ kha châ ta, lyu chapu ahniana he lyu chyhna palâsana chhao a châ.
-Râh hmahsiepa liata deikua cha ‘raihria chhâh khana’ liata ahriapa mo chyhta 10% deita ama châ. Khawzy hmâpata alei su kawh ngaitapa liata hria ei ta, nie awpa dei châ leipata zuah awpa chhao a hluhpi ama papua thei.
-Râh hmahsiepa liata cha hmotaotheina (Power) hluhpi hmâh thei ei ta, ama thapachhipata hriana a chyh. “A chyhta hriapata, a hluhpi ama nie thei,” tahna a châ. Râh hmahsie mâh leipa liata deikua cha hawhta châ thei vei.
(B) Khihsana kyh
-Râh hmahsiepa liata cha khihpipa liata a ypa hluh ei ta, khih tawpa liata a ypazy chhao he khihpi hro ta ama hroh thei. Râh hmahsie mâh leipa liata deikua cha khihpipa liata a ypa ama chyh. Atanoh Mara râh liata khihpipa sâ kha hmâh y mâh leipata, khitawpa sai a châ chy. Mara râh liata khihpipa hnei thei nawpa he MSA a vaw paduatuhpenawh ama chhuahna chaipa sâ kha a châ hra.
-Râh hmahsie leipa liata cha ama yziana ozy pha thei leipata ryhpaoh lei ngaitapata ama y. Râh thokha liata cha o sa nawpa alei su chhao hnei thei vei ei. Keimo deikua eima râh liata eima khohna su liata, eima khohpa thozy hmâpata ozy eima sa thei chyh. Eima râh liata thlahlôhpata eima y theina he eima nohlaona sâkha a châ.
(CH) Maluh pôhna kyh
-Râh hmahsiepa liata maluh pôhna chyh ta, ama hro pareih ta, machânawh hluh ei ta, hawtizawh ama chyh. Râh hmahsie mâh leipa liata deikua cha maluh hluh ei ta, hawtinawh chhao ama hluh. Hri-iah nata kahrao-riabu hluhna zy, thohna mohôhna pha leina zy vâta ama chhâ a pachhoh. Mara biesoh ta, ‘Aki-azyh hluhpa dei na apha vei, chyhsa hluhpa la a pha na’ a tah hra.
-Râh hmahsiepazy deikua chyhsa maluh hluhpa hlâta ‘chhôh chyhsa tlôna’ (population quality) he ama pasâhsa via haw bâ. Pakhona ta Amazon râhpathohpa liata chyhsa pakhapa nata Sweden liata zôthaina ahneipa (technician) chyhsa pakha cha ama chhôh chyhsa tlônazie a lyu thei aw vei, ama tah.
(D) Chanô nata chapaw duahmo kyh
-Râh hmahsiepa liata cha chanônawh nata chapawnawh duahmo apathluana y kaw leipa ta, râh hmahsie leipa liata deikua cha chanô nata chapaw hro ananona thata hmô theipa a châ. Mara râh liata chanônawh chhao he chapawnawh nata pakho lyma awpa a pha. Chapaw duahmo asâh via hawpa a lyuna sâkha cha nôpi-nôvah’ liata chapawnawh ama uthei via haw tyhna he a châ. Uthei viapa rei angiah awpa byuh tlôh ta. Chanônawh chhaota amo hlâta a hawti viapa vahpa ama hnei thei khiah bie ahnei viapa ama lyu thlâhha hra aw.
(E)Thaina achuna kyh
-Râh hmahsiepa liata cha thaisohna achuna kyh liata ryhpaohna phapa hluhpi hnei ei ta, râh hmahsie mâh leipa râh liata deikua achuna ryhpaohna a chyh.
Eima sawhkhâ chhaota a theina hawhta thaisohna achuna kyh he a pasâhsa ngâsâ. Keimo chhaota sawhkhâ ta a pie thei chhôpa sohna he ala thei, thai thei, eima chhuah awpa a châ. Sawhkhâ ta a piepa thainazy achu tlôh leipata reipachhie awpa pha âh vei. Achuna he ‘chyhsa hnawh hmahsiena’ (Human Resource Development) châta hmo peimawh chaipa a châ. Chyhsapa hmahsiena châta hmo abyuh ngaitapa ‘Hnawh’ (resource) thâtih achyhta palâsa tua ei si.

Hmasiena Hnawh
Erich Zimmermenn ta, ‘Hnawh cha chyhsa ta a hmâ hlâlei cha ‘hnawh’ châ vei,” tah ta. Abeipa Zisu ta, “Vaopinô hmia liata taikulô thy kha u,” (Mt 7:6) a tah hra. Chavâta chyhsazy châta hmo phahnaipa, hmâtlâh achâpa hmo cha ‘hnawh’ tahpa a châ. Keimo chyhsapa chhao tlai pi he hmâtlâh châ awpata eimâ tao awpa a châ. Abeipa Zisu pakhona liata, “Sei phahnai leipa kha chahry ula, khôtho lâ zohna liata thy teh u,” (Mt 25:30) a tah hra. Cha chata a reikhona cha chyhsapa he Khazohpa châta nata chyhsazy châta hmâtlâh achâpa, ‘hnawh’ a hcâ thei awpa he a khohna a châ.
Zimmermann ta hnawh he pho (3) ta a pachhaih. Chazy cha:
1.Aleilô, titlâh nata râh sazy tawhta hmô theipa ‘Râh hnawh’ (Natural Resource)
2.Chyhsapa maluh nata thatlôna zy tawhta hmô theipa ‘Chyhsa hnawh’ (Human Resource) nata
3.Chyhsapa pachâna, achhuahna, angiapâna nata thaina zy tawhta hmô theipa ‘Thaina hnawh’ (Cultural Resource) zy a châ.

Râh thokha cha ama râh aleilôzy ta hmo sôhpa hluhpi papua ei ta, cha hmozy hmâpata râh hneirôhpa ama châ thei. Anodeikua, hneirôh kaw tlôh ta hmasie leipa râh hluhpi ama y. Hnawh he ‘Pathieh heih theipa hnawh’ (Renewable Resource) nata ‘Pathieh heih thai khao leipa hnawh’ (Non-renewable Resource) tahpata pachhaih theipa châ heih ta, aleilô tawhta apuapa hmozy he hmâ eima chado vei khiah chhâ thei aw ta, charâ ta hmô thei’[a châ khao aw vei. Atahmâ ta eima hmâ haipazy he kô thysâh hluhpi ryupata a vaw ypa châ tlôh ta!

Hmohrohneipa nata thokôzy chhao he a chhi apathla awpa a y thlâhha chhôh ta cha ‘pathieh heih theipa hnawh’ châ hrasala, a chi a mua ha tiata cha pathieh heih thai’pa châ khao aw vei.
Eima râh alei ry tawhta hmo sôhpa hluhpi papua thei vei hrasala, eima châta nie awpa theilâpa hluhpi, chichei bialopa hluhpi ta maniah a pasa lyma. Eima manômapaw râh, eima pina râh, eima laiseihna râh, eima niedo tyhna râh he eima pasô ngaita awpa a châ. Rassia sawhkhâ ta Alaska râh US sawhkhâ liata a zuapa angiapachhi kaw hrasala, phahnai khao  leipata; Isreal sawzy chhao ama râh tawhta topa ama châ tyh nota ama râh ama vaw hnei thei heihna a ru ngâsâ tyh. Keimo Mara sawzy chhao atonoh he Mawtlâh kao eima siesai haw. Mara râh hlâta achhyh viapa sawhkhâ sâ hrawh hlei y ta, Mara râh hlâta maluh chyh viapa sawhkhâ (4) a y.

Râh hmahsie viapazy liata maluh ama pôh khao leipa vâta maluh chyh haw bâ ei ta, râh hrolâ chyhsazy raipahriasa awpata ama tlua hôlô. Cha cha chyhsa hnawh a peimawhna a châ. Cha tita thaina ahneipazy he hmâ dyutlai viapazy ama vaw châ ha tyh. Chavâta ‘Chyhsa hnawh’ liata ‘thaina hnawh’ baichha awpa a byuh. Chyhsa hnawh hmahsiena cha thaina baichhana he a châ.

Thaina hnawh he – Zôthaina hnawh (Material Cultural Resource) khaw, lâthlôh, hleidy, o zy, nata ‘pahnothaina hnawh’ (Non-material Clutural Resource) hmotao nawpata pahno thaina, pachâpady thaina, achhuahna phapa hnawhpazy – tahpata pachhai theipa a châ. Chavâta chyhsapa hnawh hmahsie nawpata he hawhpa pahno thaina zy, hmotao thaina zy he eima chu awpa nata eima thai awpa a byuh ngâsâ.

Zôthaina ahneipa (A highly-skilled technician) chyhsa pakha ta a râh tawhta a puapa (or) râh hro lâ tawhta a hmôpa hmo (Natural Resource) zy, a taotia thaina (Non-material Cultural Resource) zy, a hneipa khaw (or) chaihrai (Material Cultural Resource) zy nata a chyhsa châna nata a thatlôna (Human Resource) hmâpata chyhsazy châta hmo phapa hluhpi a tao tyh. Cha hawhpa chyhsa hluhpi hneina he hmahsiena thabypa a châ.

Eima râh liata tlyuhneituhpa chyhsa pakha chhao ta raihriana châta atu-tâko zy a tlai awpa abyuh ta, raichybia chhao a pahno awpa a peimawh ngâsâ. Tâkô phana ta rai hmahsiena nata ku thadâhna tao ta; atu phana ta sakhaoh (fakhao) a kathuna, sakhaoh a kathuna ta leinôh (soil colloids) patoh theina, leinôh patoh theina tawhta chicheipa phana nata kôveina a paysa. Rai chybia eima tah tita raihriana daihti he a peimawh chai thlyu aw. Pakhona ta Mawkie a hrâh tawhta lyuthlyuna vâta mawkie achangoh tyh hrasala, lyuthlyu hawh tuna vâta chicheipa hluhpi a leidia haw tyhpa kha!

Mara râh khôtho lâta rai ahriapa nata thaina achupazy chhaota eima thai thei chhôpa nata pahno thei chhôpazy he  eima râh châta hmahsiena a châ thei n’awpata taohriana, baokhâna nata novâhna piena zy eima hnei lyma awpa a châ.
Eima ngiahpazy
Chavâta Marapa hmahsie nawpata –
-Eima Khazohpa nata aryhna chôta raihria phapa hria lyma awpa, daihti pahryuh thlâthli lei awpa,
-Eima pha theipa achuna zydua achu lyma awpa, (Thaisohna chhao, raihria dâh chhao)
-Eima chhôhkha sawzy mohôh thei chyu awpa,
-Khihpipa hnei thei achhuah awpa nata khihpipa hro achu awpa,
-Eima râh liata lâthlôh phapa hnei thei awpa nata eima râh tawhta zuah awpa hmo papua thei awpa,
-Eima râh khôtho lâ eima pua haw tita chhao eima râh athei lyma awpa,
-Eima râh ta a hneipa hmo (thoti nata râhsazy) pasô thai, hmâ thai ngaita awpa,
-Kheihawhpa su liata chhao Marapa saw zydua lôh miakha phaopata adeichhy chyu awpa, a tlâkhâ thei achh awpa, adeichhy chyu awpa nata akhohkhei chyu awpa zy he eima ngiah ngaitapazy ama châ.